Bamboo mat board pdf

The most suitable resin formulation and method of production is given below: 4. Phenol: Pure phenol is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of C.

It should conform to IS: , Specification for phenol carbolic acid. It should conform to IS: - , Specification for formaldehyde. Sodium hydroxide: Sodium hydroxide is available in pellets as well as in flake form.

It is white in colour, hygroscopic and highly soluble in water. Between five and fifteen parts by weight of sodium hydroxide dissolved in double the quantity of water is then 2. Urea formaldehyde UF is more commonly used in China. Phenoltannin formaldehyde PTF is also used. Stirring is continued. The chemical reaction starts after the three components have been mixed and takes about 90 minutes to complete.

The temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained between C - C. During the course of the reaction, the flow time of the resin is checked periodically using a B-4 cup as described in IS: The reaction is stopped when the flow time increases to around 15 seconds when the resin is hot. The resin is then cooled to room temperature by circulating cold water in the jacket of the kettle.

The cooled resin is discharged from the kettle and stored in airtight containers. The cooled resin should have the following properties for optimum results. Application of resin to bamboo mats is one of the most important steps, both from the point of view of quality and economy. Most crucial at this point are a the amount of resin applied, b the mode of application, c the duration.

Resin application is done by dipping. Approximately kg of PF resin is poured into the resin applicator, which is sufficient for the production of about , 3-layered boards. Two kilograms of sodium octaborate tetra hydrate dissolved in kg of water is added to the resin as a preservative. The concentration of sodium octaborate tetra hydrate is one per cent by weight of the liquid PF resin.

This boron compound penetrates into the slivers along with the resin, is fixed during hot pressing, and confers resistance to fungus and insect attack on the BMB. About 60 mats are dipped into the resin solution each time and are dipped for five minutes.

Resin soaked mats are removed from the resin solution and kept in an inclined position for about 30 minutes to allow excess resin to drain away. The quantity of PF resin required per unit area of BMB depends upon the number of bamboo mat layers in the board. The average quantity of resin required for BMB is in the range 0.

However it will be necessary to proportionately increase the quantity of resin used if the variation in sliver thickness is beyond the prescribed limits. Resin coated mats are laid one above the other for at least 2 hours after treatment for stabilization. Dried resin-coated mats are assembled on aluminium metal cauls that are thoroughly coated with a releasing agent, such as silicone - 17 compound. The number of mats assembled depends upon the required thickness of the board.

The releasing agent used to coat the metal cauls should be reapplied after 15 to 20 hot pressing cycles. Hot pressing melts the resin in the mats and bonds them together tightly.

The assembled mats are first loaded on to the hot press and the mats pressed according to the following protocol. Pressure Temperature Time. Bamboo mat boards are tested for conformity as per IS: , , specification for bamboo mat board for general purposes Indian standard.

Bamboo mat board can be manufactured in a plywood factory with very few additional facilities. All that is required is a resin applicator and a drying chamber if a band dryer is not already available. A bamboo mat board-manufacturing unit can be established in the Small Scale Sector and thereby become eligible for all incentives provided by the Government for this sector in India.

The estimated capital investment including land and building is Rs. Recurring costs involved are for 1 raw material, 2 energy, 3 machinery and equipment maintenance, 4 managerial and labour and 5 postproduction activities. These estimates are given in Appendix II. The recurring costs are estimated on the assumption that:.

The unit works one shift of 8 hrs per day. The number of working days in a year is Summaries of capital investment, production costs, working capital requirements, break even analysis, sales, profit and return on investment, and a cash flow statement are shown in Appendix III.

Appendix IV lists some companies presently producing matboard. Appendix V lists companies producing the machines and materials requires for mat board making and Appendix VI gives national standard for mat board from India.

Land and Land Development Land sq. Development cost Rs. Approach Road and Internal Road approx. Sub- Total - I. Civil Work Fencing with barbed wire and live fencing Rs. III 1. Plant and Machinery Hot press, 10 day light Drying chamber - 2 Nos.

Measuring instruments Auto Conveyor Blower with stand for cooling cauls 2 Nos. Storage tank for formalin 10, liter capacity 2 Nos.

Sub - Total III. Infrastructure facilities Electrical installation KVA load Water supply including storage tank of liter capacity, borewell and pump and overhead tanks 2 Nos.

Managerial staff General Manager 1 No. Manager Production 1 No. Chemist and Quality Controller 1 No. Maintenance Engineer 1 No. Supervisory staff Supervisor 3 Nos. Supervisor 4 Nos. Electrician 1 No. Administrative staff Commercial Manager 1 No.

Office Manager 1 No. Accountant 1 No. Labour Semi-skilled labourers 65 x Rs. Equipment and machinery. Variable costs 1 Bamboo mats 2 Adhesive 3 Aluminum cauls and releasing agent 4 Maintenance costs 5 Electricity. Fixed Costs 1 Salaries, wages and benefits 2 Sales promotion and commission to dealers 3 Depreciation 4 Interest. Road, Burnihat , Meghalaya In the process of being established.

The list is intended merely for information purposes. Srichakra Engg. Equipment No. Padgo Hydraulics Survey No. Sterling Hydraulics Co. Road, Jogeshwari, Mumbai Road, Mumbai Ambika Hydraulics P Ltd.

Super Heat Furnaces, Regd. Intercom Engineers Ltd. Ferro Foundaries Pvt. Engineering Corporation, Office and Factory, No. Victor Compressors P Ltd. Road, Calcutta Advanson Engineering Co. Prasanth Enterprises, No.

New Uma Engg. Mahindra Stiler Auto Trucks Limited. Engineering Corporation, No. Gurunanak Mechanical Works P Ltd. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Explore Ebooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All Ebooks. Explore Audiobooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All audiobooks. Explore Magazines. Editors' Picks All magazines. Explore Podcasts All podcasts.

Difficulty Beginner Intermediate Advanced. Explore Documents. Bamboo Mat Board. Uploaded by Deo Doktor. Document Information click to expand document information Description: Bamboo plyboard making. Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document. Description: Bamboo plyboard making. Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. Search inside document. Board manufacturing 5. Bamboo mat board Bamboo mat boards BMB are produced from woven mats of bamboo that are soaked in adhesive resin and then pressed firmly together in a hot press.

General development attributes and advantages As explained previously, the BMB technology is suitable for the production of ecofriendly alternative panel products to substitute for wood and help conserve forest resources. The main development attributes of the technology are as follows: Reduced dependence on timber resources and natural forests due to an increased use of wood substitutes, leading to environmental protection.

The production of mats is flexible in time and place, favoring part-time and homebound weavers such as young and old people and housewives who can continue working close to their own houses whenever they are free from other engagements Apart from the above development attributes, BMB has several advantages above other panel materials. Suitable agro-ecological regions The BMB technology is suitable for bamboo-growing regions with sufficient raw material that are inhabited by traditionally skilled crafts people, or other potential bamboo mat weavers.

Target groups The direct beneficiaries of the BMB technology will be the many traditionally-skilled rural and tribal people who make their living of weaving a variety of products from bamboo.

Applicability A major reason to use bamboo as an alternative in wood applications such as panels is the authenticity of the material and the cultural history of its use in bamboo-rich countries. Scope for small enterprise development Given the benefits for the many people involved, including governments and consumers, the market conditions for the production of bamboo matboards and for the development of related industries and businesses are favorable. Limitations of the technology As mentioned in the section on the history of the BMB technology, the earlier manufacturing processes developed in India, suffered from several drawbacks and resulted in low quality bamboo panels.

These deficiencies were: High quantities of resin required Non-uniform bonding due to inadequacy, or even absence, of resin on slivers in the overlapped areas of mats Unseemly appearance caused by resin pushed to the surface through the intersliver spaces during hot pressing Frequent application of releasing agent required to prevent panels from sticking to metal caul plates Limited durability.

Requirements for success The essential requirements for successful implementation of BMB technology are: Sustained availability of bamboos suitable for making BMB mats. Potential improvements and research needs Concerted efforts are required to explore the possibilities of value addition through appropriate end use applications.

Introduction Bamboo mat board is produced by a simple technical process comprising the following main steps: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mat making raw material preparation. Contemporary architecture Connection with inner plug and a horizontal drill-hole to fix the connection with a lashing tie. If the lashing is tight and the plug fits quite good into the opening, both plug and lashing can do the power transition. But even if not, this connecting method can be very durable at less force.

The inner plug prevents the beam from slipping down the post and the lashing is against unplugging. Rope connection fixed with bolt The bolt keeps the connection in place even if the rope or cord lengthens. Joint with two connections Again a combination of bolts and lashing to connect the canes.

Structures Interlocking connection with a wedge With the wedge driven into the opening, the strips of the horizontal beam are pressed into the hole and fix the beam. If the wedge shrinks, the beam can be easily pulled out of the opening.

So additional arrangements like lashing or bolts are necessary for a save connection. Connection with a steel tension clamp Leaving the low-tech sector, with the use of steel elements a lot more connections become possible.

Avoid connections which produce great forces vertical to the cane axis. They can destroy the bamboo cane. Gusset plates: Plywood or solid timber side plates, applied to joint assemblies in trusses for example, and fixed with either bolts or bamboo pegs, show improved stiffness and strength when compared with traditional jointing methods. Das clamp: Steel bands with integral bolt eyes are fitted around bamboo sections.

The action of bolting two or more elements together tightens the clamps around the culms. Additional steel straps can be used if required. This method, designed by the Bhagalpur College of Engineering in India, would be best suited to connections in one plane, e. Herbert shear pin connector: In this method, developed at the UK Building Research Establishment, bamboo elements are bolted together at sections reinforced with thin gauge steel sleeves.

The sleeves are fixed using a series of small diameter pins pop rivets were found to be more effective than screws and nails which act to transfer the load to the bamboo. Although strong, the joint is bulky and laterally unstable as inplane connections are not possible. Avoid teeth. The Induoanchor consists of a cast iron core with connection teeth on its sides. It can easily be shaded with a bamboo cane.

Concrete or artificial resin can be used for that. Steel-neb-connection This connection method uses the Induoanchor in its usual state with bores and threads.

The base element of this connection is a conical Steel connecter which is centric screwed from the inside to the Induo-anchor bore on the one side and to the thread bore of the joint element on 9.

Pan-space truss the other. Small bamboo canes diameter up to 80mm can transfer ca. For compressive forces the maximum force is where the cane breaks if connected with a head plate. If overhead working is necessary tests by an officially recognized material testinginstitution and special permission of the building department are required. Germany Pan-space truss consist only of two elements - the Pan-ball knot and the. Screw connections The optimal solution for all static component connections.

Static, constructive and economically. The sleeve stick with sleeve and connection flange and the Connection stick with furled metric thread are shaded with the bamboo and therefore reach an interlocking connection. Steel or plastic insertconnection.

Expanding plastic inserts have been used for straight connections. Modern connection by Shoei Yoh in For his bamboo roofs in Fukuoka, Shoei Yoh used a steel tube put into the bamboo and which is connected to the cane with bolts.

The steel tube is strong enough to withstand the pressure of the tightened bolts. In addition there are two bolts in vertikal direction.

For the connection to the knot a steel bar is welded into the tube and again it is screwed to the knot. Because of the numerous bolts the connection is also suitable for greater Connection with steel tube and bolts Modern connection by Renzo Piano loads. The resultWorkshop is a veryintechnical but canes strangely Building , the are over styled looking connection.

Instead of a bolt driven through bar and cane, a wire is tied through the holes and tied around the bamboo.

A fine artwork but because of the fine wire seemingly only for small forces. Connection with steel wire. Before bamboo clum can be used in a building industry as a structure is has to go through certain demands, starting from harvesting and grading selected steams to treatment and application.

Bamboo clums cannot be harvested when they are younger than 3 years. Cannot be cut lover than second node or higher then 30mm above the ground. All bamboo clums should be as straight as possible. Change in diameter over length should be kept minimum. Maximum taper of 10mm per meter is acceptable for length up to 3m. Columns and roof members should be a minimum of mm in diameter at thin ends. Wall thickness not less than mm.

Contemporary architecture Foundation Bamboo is basically an above-ground material. Unless undergoing proper treatment it can last about years underground.

It is impossible to put bamboo post directly to the ground, however the bamboo clum can be embedded into the foundation or plinth. Of course there are several regulations for bamboo for foundations: bamboo cane should not touch soil, since they should not be exposed to moisture height of the plinth in which bamboo is set in should be above the flood water line or min mm above ground level. Contemporary architecture Bamboo in direct ground contact Bamboo, either on the surface or buried, can decay within six months to two years.

Preservative treatment is therefore recommended. For strength and stability, large diameter thick walled sections of bamboo with closely spaced nodes should be used.

Where these are not available, smaller sections can be Bamboo on rock or preformed tied together. Less preferred. As above, the largest and stiffest sections of bamboo should be used. Contemporary architecture Bamboo incorporated info concrete footings The third approach is to incorporate the bamboo directly into the concrete footing.

This can take the form of single posts or strip footings. Contemporary architecture Foundation with brick pedestal This kind of foundation are earthquake resistant and can be use even for brick wall houses. After soling bricks on the ground level, we pour and spread the concrete and mark centre for vertical bamboo post.

Then going up to the ground level, brick should be put in such a way to make xmm gap inside to fill with the concrete. After creating foundation plinth, the reinforcement and pipes can be put on the top as the final foundation layer. The result is a bamboo post with an integral, durable foundation.

Bamboo reinforced concrete Bamboo reinforced concrete slabs offer another solution, although this type of construction has its own specific problems. Contemporary architecture Bamboo piles Bamboo piles have been used successfully to stabilise soft soils and reduce building settlement. In the example cited Stulz, , treated split bamboo piles 8m long and 80 to 90mm in diameter were filled with coconut coir strands wrapped with jute.

The sections were then tied with wire. After installation of the piles at 2m centres by drop hammer, the area was covered with a 2. Contemporary architecture Floors The floor of a bamboo building may be at ground level, and therefore consist only of compacted earth, with or without a covering of bamboo matting. However, the preferred solution is to raise the floor above the ground creating a stilt type of construction.

This improves comfort and hygiene and can provide a covered storage area below the floor. A minimum ground to floor distance of mm is recommended to allow for inspection Janssen, When the floor is elevated it becomes an integral part of the structural framework of the building.

The floor will comprise: structural bamboo elements bamboo decking. Contemporary architecture Floor structure Floors normally consist of bamboo beams fixed to strip footings or to foundation posts. The beams therefore run around the perimeter of the building.

Where the beams are fixed to posts, careful attention to jointing is required. Beams and columns are generally around mm in diameter. Bamboo joists then span in the shortest direction across the perimeter beams.

The joists are often laid on the beams without fixing, but some form of mechanical connection is recommended. Depending on the form of floor decking, secondary joists, often taking the form of split culms, may be required.

Contemporary architecture Floor decking Bamboo floor decking can take one of the following forms: Small bamboo culms Split bamboo Flattened bamboo bamboo boards Bamboo mats Bamboo panels Bamboo parquettes. Contemporary architecture Small bamboo culms: small diameter culms are tied or nailed directly to the joists. Split bamboo: bamboo culms are split along their length into strips several centimetres wide. They can be fixed directly to the joists in the case of tying or nailing, or a timber batten can be fixed to the joist beforehand to facilitate nailing.

Contemporary architecture Flattened bamboo bamboo boards : These are formed by splitting green bamboo culms, removing the diaphragms then unrolling and flattening them. The resulting board is laid across the joists and fixed by nailing or tying The surface finish of these three types of floor deck is, understandably, uneven and difficult to clean.

They can be screeded with cement mortar for reasons of hygiene and comfort. Bamboo mats: These are formed by weaving thin strips of bamboo. Strips vary in size from 20 x 2mm to 2 x 1mm,. Contemporary architecture Bamboo panels: layers of woven mats or strips, laid at right angles, are bonded together into boards which are then nailed to the joists.

Bamboo parquette: Thin slivers or mats of bamboo are formed into multi layered tiles and laid on treated bamboo or wooden strips fixed to compacted earth or a concrete sub-floor. Contemporary architecture Walls There are many possibilities for bamboo usage in the wall constructions.

The major elements such as posts and beams are part of structural framework and has to carry self-weight, load from the building and external impacts such as whether. To complete the wall the infill between framing members is required to protect against rain and wind and ensure over all Whole halved bambooor horizontal bamboo clum, flattened stability. Vertical beams can be driven directly into the ground with or without battens.

Split or flattened bamboo Bamboo can be stretched or covered by wire mess provide good surface for plastering. Contemporary architecture Bajareque Type of construction commonly used in Latin America that is based on horizontal bamboo strips tied or nailed to both sides of the posts. The space between is filled with mud or stones.

This construction is strong and Wattle massivebamboo and earthquake. Thick woven panels of bamboo strips are attached to bamboo supporting beam and covered with plaster. Woven bamboo The same type a wattle bamboo wall but the bamboo strips are arranged closer and thicker which dont require external plastering.

Contemporary architecture Roofs The roof of a building is arguably its most important component - this is what defines a construction as a shelter. As such, it is required to offer protection against extremes of weather including rain, sun and wind, and to provide clear, usable space beneath its canopy.

Above all, it must be strong enough to resist the considerable forces generated by wind and roof coverings. In this respect bamboo is ideal as a roofing material - it is strong, resilient and light-weight.

The bamboo structure of a roof can comprise cut components - purlins, rafters and laths or battens, or triangulated trussed assemblies. Bamboo, in a variety of forms, is also used as a roof covering and for ceilings. Contemporary architecture Roof structure Traditional roof construction: The simplest form of roof comprises a bamboo ridge purlin and eaves beams, supported on the perimeter posts.

Halved culms are then laid convex side down, edge to edge, spanning from the ridge to the eaves. A second layer, convex side up, is then laid to cover the joints figure The maximum overall span using this method is about 3 metres. A variation on this is the use of whole culms, suitably spaced to accept battens for tiles or thatch.

To extend the span, a central post can be used. Beyond this, the options are almost infinite. Efficient jointing of components is a key consideration. Contemporary architecture Truss: The idea of building trusses is basically the same as with the wood ones.

All matter is based in the joining. The advantages of bamboo roof structure includes bigger span distances, usage of shorter components that provide light construction effects of bowing, crooking and tapering and the possibility of prefabrication usage that provide light constructions.

However the bamboo beams are weak for compression perpendicular to its length, which make the roof structure prone to deformation at the joints. Truss configuration allow to make traditional King-post and Fink trusses with the span of 4m.

In addition Jansses. Contemporary architecture Roof covering Bamboo roof coverings can form an integral part of the structure, as in the case of overlapping halved culms. More often, they are non-structural in function. Examples include:. Bamboo tiles Bamboo shingles Bamboo mats Corrugated bamboo roofing sheets Plastered bamboo. Contemporary architecture Bamboo files: These can take the form of halved, internodal culm sections, fixed to battens and overlapped in a similar manner to the full length halved culms.

Roofs covered in this manner are Bamboo shingles: susceptible to leakage shingles, measuring mm wide x internodal length mm are cut from green culms, 70mm or more in diameter and then air dried. The shingles are hooked onto bamboo battens by means of a tongue cut into the underside. Three laps are required to make a roof. Contemporary architecture Bamboo mats: A layer of bitumen is sandwiched between two mats forming a semi-rigid panel.

The mats can be fixed to rafters at mm centres. A bituminous or rubberised weatherproof coating is then applied to the finished roof Damodaranet al.

Corrugated bamboo roofing sheets: PF resin is applied to a bamboo mats to form a five layer set which is then hot pressed between corrugated platens. UF resin bonded sheets overlaid with PF resin impregnated paper have also been. Contemporary architecture Plastered bamboo: A cement plaster, with or without the addition of organic fibres, is traditionally applied to bamboo roofs in South America.

Other typical roof coverings include: Reed thatch Corrugated iron sheeting Plain clay tiles Clay or concrete pan tiles The weights of roof coverings vary and this must be reflected in the strength of the roof structure. Ceilings Ceilings can be made from small, closely spaced culms, split or flattened bamboo, bamboo boards or bamboo mats in a manner similar to that for floors see Floors.

Woven mat ceilings are sometimes applied as sarking to the topside of the rafters or purlins, separated from the roof covering by battens. Contemporary architecture Doors and windows In traditional types of bamboo building, doors and windows are usually very simple in form and operation.

Bamboo doors can be side hinged or sliding, comprising a bamboo frame with an infill of woven bamboo or small diameter culms. Contemporary architecture In higher grade buildings, wooden doors are common.

Doors and shutters comprising bamboo mat board as panelling, or as flush skins for hollow core doors offer another solution. Contemporary architecture Bamboo windows are generally left unglazed and can have bamboo bars, or a sash with woven bamboo infill. The sash can be side hinged or sliding or, more commonly, top hinged to keep out direct sunlight and rain. At night, windows are closed to protect against insects and animals. Hinges are formed from simple bindings, or connecting bamboo elements.

As with doors, in higher grade buildings windows are more commonly made of wood and are often glazed. Contemporary architecture Water pipes and gutters: Whole bamboo culms, with the diaphragms removed, can be used as water pipes either below or above ground.

Below ground: the system is usually gravity fed. To ensure watertight connections, the ends of the culms can be reamed and fitted into short sections of metal, or bamboo andinternally suitably and externally with The pvc bamboo pipes arepipe coated caulked.

To control insect attack, the trench an approved bituminous paint. The exterior of the pipes can can treated with witha insecticide before the which gives sound also be treated hot bituminous coating pipes are laid.

The pipes are then buried in trenches treated with insecticides which fix in the ground. It has been shown that the life of bamboo pipes can be simply extended by ensuring that the bore is full and that the water carried is clean.

It is reported that the bamboo pipes treated in the above manner have given good service for ten years. Contemporary architecture Above ground: again, the system is usually gravity fed with pipes supported on bamboo trestles. Joints can simply be formed by tapering or scarfing the ends of the culms to enable the sections to be fitted together end to end.

Watertight connections can be achieved as for pipes below ground. Contemporary architecture Housing Great wall house, Beijing, China This project was completed in as a part of multi-dwelling housing.

The aim of the project was to develop the great wall idea into a building. Requirements lead the designer to create building made of traditional, inexpensive bamboo to comfort the topography. Bamboo clums were place side by side in different intervals and hover above floor to create floating curtain wall in the interior.

Close-up of bamboo shutters covers the window on the North and continues on the roof. Contemporary architecture Light Structures pavilions Bamboo Pavilion, Mexico This pavilion was created for the th anniversary of The National Autonomous University of Mexico, designed by group of academicians.

They used bamboo as representation of a technological and environmental challenge. The structure was covered by PVC membrane to create the shape and structure is made of bamboo arches with anti-catenary guideline which allows the gravity forces to be uniformly disturbed.

For the whole project they used a total linear meters of bamboo. Contemporary architecture Bamboo Cathedral by Simon Velez, Colombia The supports of the cathedral clums are made of Guadua type of bamboo that run up from the ground to the roof. This slenderness is possible with stiffening braces that prevent building from buckling.

This building was temporary. Contemporary architecture Scaffolding Bamboo scaffolding is widely used in china with nylon straps tied into knots as couplers. Although this structure seems not stable and fragile, in Hong Kong there are about registered bamboo scaffolders. These scaffolders can build scaffolding around buildings up to m above the ground.

The main advantage of bamboo scaffolding when compared with. Contemporary architecture Public Buildings Green School, Bali, Indonesia This building is a part of Green Village concept based on building a community a made of spiralling canopy of bamboo.

Everything is made of bamboo, from window frames to staircase, furniture and walls. This school was awarded for Aga Khan Awards for Architecture for its sustainable merits. Contemporary architecture Public Buildings Bamboo Car Park, Leipzig Zoo, Germany Even though the parking space is not most interesting, but very crucial part of public building design and can also be very impressive by its elevation.

This happened with bamboo facade in Leipzig Zoo car park in Germany. Bamboo sticks are placed in intervals of 7. Contemporary architecture Others Bamboo Bridges By joining beams end to end, designers have ability to make structures with a long-spans, towering ceilings and overhangs that together can create construction such as bridges. But some can ask how to assess whether a bamboo house would survive an earthquake of a given intensity?

But for that A dynamic test on a full-scale house is extremely expensive. The wall was fixed on a steel frame and using a hydraulic jack, a horizontal force was applied at an upper corner and in the plane of the wall. A panel made of split bamboo. The hydraulic jack, which applies horizontal force, can be seen at the top right corner of the frame. This jack simulates the effect of earthquake.

Different walls have been tested: with and without diagonal, with and without mortar, etc. The results were more than satisfactory. The deformation being measured at the lower end of a panel with plaster. The deformation was mm, without any visual damage to the plaster and the panel. From this reading the bamboo housing system was assessed as earthquake-resistant. The real proof came in April , when about 20 bamboo houses survived quite near to the epicenter of a 7.

Earthquake shaking will cause adobe walls to crack at the corners and to break up in large blocks. The role of the reinforcement therefore is to keep these large pieces of adobe wall together. A ring beam that ties the walls in a box-like structure is one of the most essential components of earthquake resistance for load bearing masonry construction.

The ring beam must be strong, continuous, and well tied to the walls, and it must receive and support the roof. The ring beam can be made of concrete or timber.

Vertical reinforcement helps to tie the wall to the foundation and to the ring beam and restrains out-ofplane bending and in-plane shear. Horizontal reinforcement helps to transmit the out-ofplane forces in transverse walls to the supporting shear walls, as well as to restrain the shear stresses between adjoining walls and to minimize vertical crack. Some building codes have incorporated these recommendations for the construction of new adobe houses, such as the Adobe Construction Regulations of the province of San Juan, Argentina, that have incorporated the use of the ring beam, and the Peruvian Adobe Code that incorporated a ring beam together with vertical and horizontal reinforcement.

Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Explore Ebooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All Ebooks. Explore Audiobooks.

Bestsellers Editors' Picks All audiobooks. Explore Magazines. Editors' Picks All magazines. Explore Podcasts All podcasts. Difficulty Beginner Intermediate Advanced. Explore Documents. Bamboo: An Innovative Buiding Material. Uploaded by Ankita Mehta. Document Information click to expand document information Description: Bamboo details. Original Title Bamboo: An innovative buiding material.

Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document. Description: Bamboo details. Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Original Title: Bamboo: An innovative buiding material. The foregoing description is merely one embodiment of present invention and not considered as restrictive.

All equivalent variations and modifications in accordance with the appended claims may be made without in any way from the scope of the invention. To sum up, the bamboo mat board and the method for producing same of the present invention is allowed for effectively utilizing bamboo to manufacture the mat board with high stiffness in order for achieving the raised economic value of bamboo and the partly reduced demand for wood, etc.

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